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Agriculture and Life Sciences: Plant Pathology

PLPA 2010 - Magical Mushrooms, Mischievous Molds
Co-meeting with:
2CR 
Stdnt Opt
2620
LEC
001
TR
10:10AM - 11:00AM
KND 116
Hudler,G (gwh2)
PLPA 2013 - Mushrooms, Molds, and More
Co-meeting with:
3CR 
Graded
Instructor Consent Required
3840
LEC
001
TR
10:10AM - 11:00AM
KND 116
Hudler,G (gwh2)
Sub-courses
3841
DIS
201
F
09:05AM - 09:55AM
PLS 326
Hudler,G (gwh2)
4064
DIS
202
F
10:10AM - 11:05AM
PLS 326
Hudler,G (gwh2)
4617
DIS
203
F
11:15AM - 12:05PM
PLS 326
Hudler,G (gwh2)
PLPA 2015 - Mushrooms, Molds, and Molecules
Co-meeting with:
3CR 
Graded
Instructor Consent Required
1080
LEC
001
TR
10:10AM - 11:00AM
KND 116
Hudler,G (gwh2)
Sub-courses
3839
DIS
201
F
09:05AM - 09:55AM
PLS 404
Hudler,G (gwh2)
Pawlowska,T (tep8)
Turgeon,B (bgt1)
3892
DIS
202
F
09:05AM - 09:55AM
PLS 336
Hudler,G (gwh2)
Pawlowska,T (tep8)
Turgeon,B (bgt1)
PLPA 3290 - Medical and Veterinary Mycology
Crosslist as:
2CR 
Graded
1084
LEC
001
TR
10:10AM - 11:00AM
PLS 404
Hodge,K (kh11)
Prerequisite: Introductory Biology.
PLPA 4010 - Microbial Pathogens Versus Plants: Molecular Weapons, Defenses, and Rules of Engagement
3CR 
Graded
14621
LEC
001
TR
09:05AM - 09:55AM
PLS G37
Collmer,A (arc2)
Introductory Genetics(BIOMG2810 or equivalent) or Biochemistry (BIOMG3300, or 3310 and 3320, or equivalent) or PLPA3010 or permission of instructor.
Sub-courses
14622
DIS
201
R
03:00PM - 04:25PM
PLS 143
Collmer,A (arc2)
PLPA 4480 - Symbiotic Associations: Evolution and Ecology
Crosslist as:
3CR 
Graded
16533
LEC
001
TR
11:40AM - 12:55PM
PLS 336
Pawlowska,T (tep8)
PLPA 4811 - Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions
Crosslist as:
1CR 
Stdnt Opt
01/23/2012 - 02/17/2012
15575
LEC
001
MWF
10:10AM - 11:00AM
PLS 336
Collmer,A (arc2)
Lazarowitz,S (sgl5)
Martin,G (gbm7)
Turgeon,B (bgt1)
Winans,S (scw2)
PLPA 4940 - Special Topics in Plant Pathology & Plant-Microbe Biology
Plant Disease Epidemiology
3CR 
Stdnt Opt
01/02/2011 - 03/15/2011
Instructor Consent Required
16740
LEC
001
TBA
 
Seem,R (rcs4)
This is an advanced undergraduate course that is presented online and consists of 2 two-hour lectures per week for 10 weeks (January 2 ? March 15) conducted by Prof. Larry Madden from Ohio State University. Students will view the lectures on their own time, but will be responsible for submitting class assignments and written tests (mid-term and final). The course will be supervised locally by Prof. Robert Seem (rcs4@cornell.edu); a full syllabus can be found at http://www.oardc.ohio-state.edu/pp702/index.html. Please contact Prof. Seem before enrolling.
PLPA 4970 - Independent Study in Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology
1-5CR 
Stdnt Opt
Instructor Consent Required
2621
IND
601
TBA
 
Staff
Students from all colleges must submit an independent study form available in 140 Roberts Hall.
PLPA 4980 - Undergraduate Teaching Experience
1-5CR 
Stdnt Opt
Instructor Consent Required
2626
IND
601
TBA
 
Staff
Students must register using independent study form (available in 140 Roberts Hall).
PLPA 4990 - Undergraduate Research
3-5CR 
Stdnt Opt
Instructor Consent Required
2629
RSC
701
TBA
 
Staff
Students must register using independent study form (available in 140 Roberts Hall).
PLPA 4990 - Undergraduate Research
3-5CR 
Stdnt Opt
Instructor Consent Required
4696
RSC
712
TBA
 
Pawlowska,T (tep8)
PLPA 6600 - Special Topics in Plant Disease Management
1CR 
S/U
2640
DIS
270
F
12:20PM - 01:10PM
TBA
Smart,C (cds14)
Course offered in Geneva. Students provide their own transportation.
PLPA 6610 - Diagnostic Lab Experience
1-2CR 
S/U
2641
LAB
401
TBA
 
Zitter,T (taz1)
Recommended prerequisite: course work or experience in diagnostic techniques.
PLPA 6810 - Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Seminar
1CR 
S/U
2642
SEM
101
W
12:20PM - 01:25PM
PLS 404
Turgeon,B (bgt1)
PLPA 6811 - PPPMB Seminar Series II
1CR 
S/U
4744
SEM
101
T
03:35PM - 04:25PM
TBA
Seem,R (rcs4)
PLPA 6820 - Graduate Student Research Updates
1CR 
S/U
2643
SEM
101
TBA
 
Aldwinckle,H (hsa1)
Beer,S (svb1)
PLPA 7970 - Special Topics Independent Study
1-5CR 
Stdnt Opt
2645
IND
601
TBA
 
Staff
PLPA 7980 - Graduate Teaching Experience
1-5CR 
S/U
2647
IND
602
TBA
 
Bergstrom,G (gcb3)
Graduate teaching assistance in a mycology or plant pathology course by mutual agreement with the instructor.
PLPA 7980 - Graduate Teaching Experience
1-5CR 
S/U
2648
IND
603
TBA
 
Cartinhour,S (sc167)
Graduate teaching assistance in a mycology or plant pathology course by mutual agreement with the instructor.
PLPA 7980 - Graduate Teaching Experience
1-5CR 
S/U
2649
IND
604
TBA
 
Collmer,A (arc2)
Graduate teaching assistance in a mycology or plant pathology course by mutual agreement with the instructor.
PLPA 7980 - Graduate Teaching Experience
1-5CR 
S/U
2650
IND
605
TBA
 
Fry,W (wef1)
Graduate teaching assistance in a mycology or plant pathology course by mutual agreement with the instructor.
PLPA 7980 - Graduate Teaching Experience
1-5CR 
S/U
2651
IND
606
TBA
 
Gray,S (smg3)
Graduate teaching assistance in a mycology or plant pathology course by mutual agreement with the instructor.
PLPA 7980 - Graduate Teaching Experience
1-5CR 
S/U
2652
IND
607
TBA
 
Hodge,K (kh11)
Graduate teaching assistance in a mycology or plant pathology course by mutual agreement with the instructor.
PLPA 7980 - Graduate Teaching Experience
1-5CR 
S/U
2653
IND
608
TBA
 
Hudler,G (gwh2)
Graduate teaching assistance in a mycology or plant pathology course by mutual agreement with the instructor.
PLPA 7980 - Graduate Teaching Experience
1-5CR 
S/U
2654
IND
609
TBA
 
Lazarowitz,S (sgl5)
Graduate teaching assistance in a mycology or plant pathology course by mutual agreement with the instructor.
PLPA 7980 - Graduate Teaching Experience
1-5CR 
S/U
2655
IND
610
TBA
 
Lorbeer,J (jwl5)
Graduate teaching assistance in a mycology or plant pathology course by mutual agreement with the instructor.
PLPA 7980 - Graduate Teaching Experience
1-5CR 
S/U
2656
IND
611
TBA
 
Loria,R (rl21)
Graduate teaching assistance in a mycology or plant pathology course by mutual agreement with the instructor.
PLPA 7980 - Graduate Teaching Experience
1-5CR 
S/U
2657
IND
612
TBA
 
Martin,G (gbm7)
Graduate teaching assistance in a mycology or plant pathology course by mutual agreement with the instructor.
PLPA 7980 - Graduate Teaching Experience
1-5CR 
S/U
2658
IND
613
TBA
 
McGrath,M (mtm3)
Graduate teaching assistance in a mycology or plant pathology course by mutual agreement with the instructor.
PLPA 7980 - Graduate Teaching Experience
1-5CR 
S/U
2659
IND
614
TBA
 
Milgroom,M (mgm5)
Graduate teaching assistance in a mycology or plant pathology course by mutual agreement with the instructor.
PLPA 7980 - Graduate Teaching Experience
1-5CR 
S/U
2660
IND
615
TBA
 
Nelson,E (ebn1)
Graduate teaching assistance in a mycology or plant pathology course by mutual agreement with the instructor.
PLPA 7980 - Graduate Teaching Experience
1-5CR 
S/U
2661
IND
616
TBA
 
Nelson,R (rjn7)
Graduate teaching assistance in a mycology or plant pathology course by mutual agreement with the instructor.
PLPA 7980 - Graduate Teaching Experience
1-5CR 
S/U
2662
IND
617
TBA
 
Pawlowska,T (tep8)
Graduate teaching assistance in a mycology or plant pathology course by mutual agreement with the instructor.
PLPA 7980 - Graduate Teaching Experience
1-5CR 
S/U
2663
IND
618
TBA
 
Perry,K (klp3)
Graduate teaching assistance in a mycology or plant pathology course by mutual agreement with the instructor.
PLPA 7980 - Graduate Teaching Experience
1-5CR 
S/U
2664
IND
619
TBA
 
Turgeon,B (bgt1)
Graduate teaching assistance in a mycology or plant pathology course by mutual agreement with the instructor.
PLPA 7980 - Graduate Teaching Experience
1-5CR 
S/U
2665
IND
620
TBA
 
Wang,X (xw57)
Graduate teaching assistance in a mycology or plant pathology course by mutual agreement with the instructor.
PLPA 7980 - Graduate Teaching Experience
1-5CR 
S/U
2666
IND
621
TBA
 
Zitter,T (taz1)
Graduate teaching assistance in a mycology or plant pathology course by mutual agreement with the instructor.
PLPA 7990 - Graduate-Level Thesis Research
1-15CR 
S/U
2668
RSC
702
TBA
 
Bergstrom,G (gcb3)
Permission of advisor is required.
PLPA 7990 - Graduate-Level Thesis Research
1-15CR 
S/U
2669
RSC
703
TBA
 
Cartinhour,S (sc167)
Permission of advisor is required.
PLPA 7990 - Graduate-Level Thesis Research
1-15CR 
S/U
2670
RSC
704
TBA
 
Collmer,A (arc2)
Permission of advisor is required.
PLPA 7990 - Graduate-Level Thesis Research
1-15CR 
S/U
2671
RSC
705
TBA
 
Fry,W (wef1)
Permission of advisor is required.
PLPA 7990 - Graduate-Level Thesis Research
1-15CR 
S/U
2672
RSC
706
TBA
 
Gray,S (smg3)
Permission of advisor is required.
PLPA 7990 - Graduate-Level Thesis Research
1-15CR 
S/U
2673
RSC
707
TBA
 
Hodge,K (kh11)
Permission of advisor is required.
PLPA 7990 - Graduate-Level Thesis Research
1-15CR 
S/U
2674
RSC
708
TBA
 
Hudler,G (gwh2)
Permission of advisor is required.
PLPA 7990 - Graduate-Level Thesis Research
1-15CR 
S/U
2675
RSC
709
TBA
 
Lazarowitz,S (sgl5)
Permission of advisor is required.
PLPA 7990 - Graduate-Level Thesis Research
1-15CR 
S/U
2676
RSC
710
TBA
 
Lorbeer,J (jwl5)
Permission of advisor is required.
PLPA 7990 - Graduate-Level Thesis Research
1-15CR 
S/U
2677
RSC
711
TBA
 
Loria,R (rl21)
Permission of advisor is required.
PLPA 7990 - Graduate-Level Thesis Research
1-15CR 
S/U
2678
RSC
712
TBA
 
Martin,G (gbm7)
Permission of advisor is required.
PLPA 7990 - Graduate-Level Thesis Research
1-15CR 
S/U
2679
RSC
713
TBA
 
McGrath,M (mtm3)
Permission of advisor is required.
PLPA 7990 - Graduate-Level Thesis Research
1-15CR 
S/U
2680
RSC
714
TBA
 
Milgroom,M (mgm5)
Permission of advisor is required.
PLPA 7990 - Graduate-Level Thesis Research
1-15CR 
S/U
2681
RSC
715
TBA
 
Nelson,E (ebn1)
Permission of advisor is required.
PLPA 7990 - Graduate-Level Thesis Research
1-15CR 
S/U
2682
RSC
716
TBA
 
Nelson,R (rjn7)
Permission of advisor is required.
PLPA 7990 - Graduate-Level Thesis Research
1-15CR 
S/U
2683
RSC
717
TBA
 
Pawlowska,T (tep8)
Permission of advisor is required.
PLPA 7990 - Graduate-Level Thesis Research
1-15CR 
S/U
2684
RSC
718
TBA
 
Perry,K (klp3)
Permission of advisor is required.
PLPA 7990 - Graduate-Level Thesis Research
1-15CR 
S/U
2685
RSC
719
TBA
 
Turgeon,B (bgt1)
Permission of advisor is required.
PLPA 7990 - Graduate-Level Thesis Research
1-15CR 
S/U
2686
RSC
720
TBA
 
Wang,X (xw57)
Permission of advisor is required.
PLPA 7990 - Graduate-Level Thesis Research
1-15CR 
S/U
2687
RSC
721
TBA
 
Zitter,T (taz1)
Permission of advisor is required.
PLPA 8900 - Master's Level Thesis Research
1-15CR 
S/U
2689
RSC
702
TBA
 
Bergstrom,G (gcb3)
Permission of advisor is required.
PLPA 8900 - Master's Level Thesis Research
1-15CR 
S/U
2690
RSC
703
TBA
 
Cartinhour,S (sc167)
Permission of advisor is required.
PLPA 8900 - Master's Level Thesis Research
1-15CR 
S/U
2691
RSC
704
TBA
 
Collmer,A (arc2)
Permission of advisor is required.
PLPA 8900 - Master's Level Thesis Research
1-15CR 
S/U
2692
RSC
705
TBA
 
Fry,W (wef1)
Permission of advisor is required.
PLPA 8900 - Master's Level Thesis Research
1-15CR 
S/U
2693
RSC
706
TBA
 
Gray,S (smg3)
Permission of advisor is required.
PLPA 8900 - Master's Level Thesis Research
1-15CR 
S/U
2694
RSC
707
TBA
 
Hodge,K (kh11)
Permission of advisor is required.
PLPA 8900 - Master's Level Thesis Research
1-15CR 
S/U
2695
RSC
708
TBA
 
Hudler,G (gwh2)
Permission of advisor is required.
PLPA 8900 - Master's Level Thesis Research
1-15CR 
S/U
2696
RSC
709
TBA
 
Lazarowitz,S (sgl5)
Permission of advisor is required.
PLPA 8900 - Master's Level Thesis Research
1-15CR 
S/U
2698
RSC
711
TBA
 
Lorbeer,J (jwl5)
Permission of advisor is required.
PLPA 8900 - Master's Level Thesis Research
1-15CR 
S/U
2699
RSC
712
TBA
 
Loria,R (rl21)
Permission of advisor is required.
PLPA 8900 - Master's Level Thesis Research
1-15CR 
S/U
2700
RSC
713
TBA
 
Martin,G (gbm7)
Permission of advisor is required.
PLPA 8900 - Master's Level Thesis Research
1-15CR 
S/U
2701
RSC
714
TBA
 
McGrath,M (mtm3)
Permission of advisor is required.
PLPA 8900 - Master's Level Thesis Research
1-15CR 
S/U
2702
RSC
715
TBA
 
Milgroom,M (mgm5)
Permission of advisor is required.
PLPA 8900 - Master's Level Thesis Research
1-15CR 
S/U
2703
RSC
716
TBA
 
Nelson,E (ebn1)
Permission of advisor is required.
PLPA 8900 - Master's Level Thesis Research
1-15CR 
S/U
2704
RSC
717
TBA
 
Nelson,R (rjn7)
Permission of advisor is required.
PLPA 8900 - Master's Level Thesis Research
1-15CR 
S/U
2705
RSC
718
TBA
 
Pawlowska,T (tep8)
Permission of advisor is required.
PLPA 8900 - Master's Level Thesis Research
1-15CR 
S/U
2706
RSC
719
TBA
 
Perry,K (klp3)
Permission of advisor is required.
PLPA 8900 - Master's Level Thesis Research
1-15CR 
S/U
2707
RSC
720
TBA
 
Turgeon,B (bgt1)
Permission of advisor is required.
PLPA 8900 - Master's Level Thesis Research
1-15CR 
S/U
2708
RSC
721
TBA
 
Wang,X (xw57)
Permission of advisor is required.
PLPA 8900 - Master's Level Thesis Research
1-15CR 
S/U
2709
RSC
722
TBA
 
Zitter,T (taz1)
Permission of advisor is required.
PLPA 8900 - Master's Level Thesis Research
1-15CR 
S/U
3651
RSC
723
TBA
 
Smart,C (cds14)
Permission of advisor is required.
PLPA 8900 - Master's Level Thesis Research
1-15CR 
S/U
3653
RSC
724
TBA
 
Abawi,G (gsa1)
Permission of advisor is required.
PLPA 8900 - Master's Level Thesis Research
1-15CR 
S/U
3654
RSC
725
TBA
 
Aldwinckle,H (hsa1)
Permission of advisor is required.
PLPA 8900 - Master's Level Thesis Research
1-15CR 
S/U
3655
RSC
726
TBA
 
Burr,T (tjb1)
Permission of advisor is required.
PLPA 8900 - Master's Level Thesis Research
1-15CR 
S/U
3656
RSC
727
TBA
 
Cox,K (kdc33)
Permission of advisor is required.
PLPA 8900 - Master's Level Thesis Research
1-15CR 
S/U
3657
RSC
728
TBA
 
Dillard,H (hrd1)
Permission of advisor is required.
PLPA 8900 - Master's Level Thesis Research
1-15CR 
S/U
3658
RSC
729
TBA
 
Fuchs,M (mf13)
Permission of advisor is required.
PLPA 8900 - Master's Level Thesis Research
1-15CR 
S/U
3659
RSC
730
TBA
 
Hoch,H (hch1)
Permission of advisor is required.
PLPA 8900 - Master's Level Thesis Research
1-15CR 
S/U
3660
RSC
731
TBA
 
Koeller,W (wk11)
Permission of advisor is required.
PLPA 8900 - Master's Level Thesis Research
1-15CR 
S/U
3661
RSC
732
TBA
 
Rosenberger,D (dar22)
Permission of advisor is required.
PLPA 8900 - Master's Level Thesis Research
1-15CR 
S/U
3662
RSC
733
TBA
 
Seem,R (rcs4)
Permission of advisor is required.
PLPA 8900 - Master's Level Thesis Research
1-15CR 
S/U
3663
RSC
734
TBA
 
Wilcox,W (wfw1)
Permission of advisor is required.
PLPA 9900 - Doctoral-Level Thesis Research
1-15CR 
S/U
2710
RSC
701
TBA
 
Beer,S (svb1)
Permission of advisor is required.
PLPA 9900 - Doctoral-Level Thesis Research
1-15CR 
S/U
2711
RSC
702
TBA
 
Bergstrom,G (gcb3)
Permission of advisor is required.
PLPA 9900 - Doctoral-Level Thesis Research
1-15CR 
S/U
2712
RSC
703
TBA
 
Cartinhour,S (sc167)
Permission of advisor is required.
PLPA 9900 - Doctoral-Level Thesis Research
1-15CR 
S/U
2713
RSC
704
TBA
 
Collmer,A (arc2)
Permission of advisor is required.
PLPA 9900 - Doctoral-Level Thesis Research
1-15CR 
S/U
2714
RSC
705
TBA
 
Fry,W (wef1)
Permission of advisor is required.
PLPA 9900 - Doctoral-Level Thesis Research
1-15CR 
S/U
2715
RSC
706
TBA
 
Gray,S (smg3)
Permission of advisor is required.
PLPA 9900 - Doctoral-Level Thesis Research
1-15CR 
S/U
2716
RSC
707
TBA
 
Hodge,K (kh11)
Permission of advisor is required.
PLPA 9900 - Doctoral-Level Thesis Research
1-15CR 
S/U
2717
RSC
708
TBA
 
Hudler,G (gwh2)
Permission of advisor is required.
PLPA 9900 - Doctoral-Level Thesis Research
1-15CR 
S/U
2718
RSC
709
TBA
 
Lazarowitz,S (sgl5)
Permission of advisor is required.
PLPA 9900 - Doctoral-Level Thesis Research
1-15CR 
S/U
2720
RSC
711
TBA
 
Lorbeer,J (jwl5)
Permission of advisor is required.
PLPA 9900 - Doctoral-Level Thesis Research
1-15CR 
S/U
2721
RSC
712
TBA
 
Loria,R (rl21)
Permission of advisor is required.
PLPA 9900 - Doctoral-Level Thesis Research
1-15CR 
S/U
2722
RSC
713
TBA
 
Martin,G (gbm7)
Permission of advisor is required.
PLPA 9900 - Doctoral-Level Thesis Research
1-15CR 
S/U
2723
RSC
714
TBA
 
McGrath,M (mtm3)
Permission of advisor is required.
PLPA 9900 - Doctoral-Level Thesis Research
1-15CR 
S/U
2724
RSC
715
TBA
 
Milgroom,M (mgm5)
Permission of advisor is required.
PLPA 9900 - Doctoral-Level Thesis Research
1-15CR 
S/U
2725
RSC
716
TBA
 
Nelson,E (ebn1)
Permission of advisor is required.
PLPA 9900 - Doctoral-Level Thesis Research
1-15CR 
S/U
2726
RSC
717
TBA
 
Nelson,R (rjn7)
Permission of advisor is required.
PLPA 9900 - Doctoral-Level Thesis Research
1-15CR 
S/U
2727
RSC
718
TBA
 
Pawlowska,T (tep8)
Permission of advisor is required.
PLPA 9900 - Doctoral-Level Thesis Research
1-15CR 
S/U
2728
RSC
719
TBA
 
Perry,K (klp3)
Permission of advisor is required.
PLPA 9900 - Doctoral-Level Thesis Research
1-15CR 
S/U
2729
RSC
720
TBA
 
Turgeon,B (bgt1)
Permission of advisor is required.
PLPA 9900 - Doctoral-Level Thesis Research
1-15CR 
S/U
2730
RSC
721
TBA
 
Wang,X (xw57)
Permission of advisor is required.
PLPA 9900 - Doctoral-Level Thesis Research
1-15CR 
S/U
2731
RSC
722
TBA
 
Zitter,T (taz1)
Permission of advisor is required.
PLPA 9900 - Doctoral-Level Thesis Research
1-15CR 
S/U
3664
RSC
723
TBA
 
Wilcox,W (wfw1)
PLPA 9900 - Doctoral-Level Thesis Research
1-15CR 
S/U
3665
RSC
724
TBA
 
Smart,C (cds14)
PLPA 9900 - Doctoral-Level Thesis Research
1-15CR 
S/U
3666
RSC
725
TBA
 
Seem,R (rcs4)
PLPA 9900 - Doctoral-Level Thesis Research
1-15CR 
S/U
3667
RSC
726
TBA
 
Rosenberger,D (dar22)
PLPA 9900 - Doctoral-Level Thesis Research
1-15CR 
S/U
3668
RSC
727
TBA
 
Koeller,W (wk11)
PLPA 9900 - Doctoral-Level Thesis Research
1-15CR 
S/U
3669
RSC
728
TBA
 
Hoch,H (hch1)
PLPA 9900 - Doctoral-Level Thesis Research
1-15CR 
S/U
3670
RSC
729
TBA
 
Fuchs,M (mf13)
PLPA 9900 - Doctoral-Level Thesis Research
1-15CR 
S/U
3671
RSC
730
TBA
 
Dillard,H (hrd1)
PLPA 9900 - Doctoral-Level Thesis Research
1-15CR 
S/U
3672
RSC
731
TBA
 
Cox,K (kdc33)
PLPA 9900 - Doctoral-Level Thesis Research
1-15CR 
S/U
3673
RSC
732
TBA
 
Burr,T (tjb1)
PLPA 9900 - Doctoral-Level Thesis Research
1-15CR 
S/U
3674
RSC
733
TBA
 
Aldwinckle,H (hsa1)
PLPA 9900 - Doctoral-Level Thesis Research
1-15CR 
S/U
3675
RSC
734
TBA
 
Abawi,G (gsa1)


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Last Updated: 2012-07-30 20:40:38